![]() ![]() Without space: Anna-and her lovely pooch-is always welcome here for the Christmas holidays. Spaces around the dash are preferred by some authors and publishers. With dash: The woman-she was from Manila, Philippines-arrived. Without dash: The woman from Manila, Philippines, arrived. When necessary, dashes take the place of mandatory punctuation. Example:Īnna-and her lovely pooch-is always welcome here for the Christmas holidays. ![]() Phrases and words between dashes typically do not belong in the subject. There are some important rules that authors should be careful about when using dashes. All they know is how to cause trouble everywhere they go.” Some rules for em dashes Consider the following example:Ī former member of the disgraced team, -, provided his statement at court today.Īt the end of the letter was a fading sentence: “Love you, Anna, from your de-ted friend.” Em dashes show up in groups of two or three in these instances. Anna is terrified of two things-lizards and dancing.Įm dashes are used by transcriptionists and authors to substitute letters that are obscure, censored, or purposefully deleted.Anna is terrified of two things: lizards and dancing.Em dashes, however, are more forceful than colons. Authors typically use em dashes to convey strong emotion or to give their text a more informal tone. After a slight hesitation, Anna jumped up at the dog-or, rather, lunged at it.Īn author can use colons to begin a clause that expands on the text that came before it. Colons are much more formal when compared to dashes. ![]() After a slight hesitation, Anna jumped up at the dog (or, rather, lunged at it). ![]()
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